Literacy Observation Report Sample - 1260 Words

I completed my literacy field experience at Isanti Intermediate School/School for all Seasons in Isanti, MN. I was able to complete my 20 hour observation in a 1st grade classroom (primary), a 3rd grade classroom (intermediate), and conducted fluency tests in a 5th grade classroom. Each class had approximately 22 to 25 students. Also during this literacy class, I was also able to spend a few days observing a 3rd/4th grade classroom and a kindergarten classroom through a couple of sub jobs I completed. I need to note that my understanding was that 3rd grade was part of the intermediate program so I completed half my observation and assessment time with a 3rd grade classroom and completed a 3rd grader assessment. I am happy to say†¦show more content†¦I conducted the first part of my assessment (word lists) to determine what passage would be appropriate for the 1st grade student. I was very nervous to conduct this assessment because I was worried about not being able to determine students’ reading level and/or not being able to figure out the area (i.e. fluency, comprehension, etc.) in which the student needed additional support in. I am happy to say that it wasn’t as scary as I thought. I was surprised how much I learned about the student by simply reviewing their list of words. It was pretty obvious when they were hitting the frustration level. September 21, 2017 (8:30-12:30) My classroom experience included: observing the classroom teacher leading group discussion (reviewing sight words, decoding words, and reading the weekly story), assisting students with reading worksheets (practice writing their letters and identifying beginning sounds of words), and reviewing the weekly story with each student. This particular teacher strictly uses a basal reader (Reading Streets) so I was very interested to observe her teaching using these particular materials. I have substituted in her classroom many times and have found it very hard to teach utilizing these lessons. Students’ often become restless and their eyes seem to gloss over because of boredom. I often thought that I must be doing something wrong when I am teaching the materials, but during observation I saw that theShow MoreRelatedStudent Work Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesData in the form of student work samples were collected at the beginning of the project an d compared to samples at the end of the research project. Observations of student behaviour were recorded to make an analysis of student engagement and to define a baseline from which to say if patterns were noticeable. Students and the mentor teacher completed rubrics on the effectiveness of feedback that was provided. This data was then triangulated. Based on the evidence collected it was determined thatRead MoreQuestions On Teachers Background, Values And Beliefs870 Words   |  4 Pagesrequired by the school and with consultation with others within the same year level moderated to gain appropriate scores/grades. (appendix 3 – GTMJ template) Records of achievement are collected throughout the year and used to assist with writing report cards twice a year, term 2 and 4 each year. Data collected throughout the year is also used when collaborating with families of students’ progress. The school asks teachers to gather data of both qualitative and quantitative nature throughout theRead MoreInteractive Writing : Making Decisions For Young Learners1120 Words   |  5 Pagestaught during interactive writing instruction. Interactive Writing in First Grade Roth, K., Guinee, K. (2011). Ten minutes a day: The impact of interactive writing instruction on first graders’ independent writing. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 11(3), 331-361. This study focused on how interactive writing instruction provided to the whole class impacted the writing of individual students when writing independently in response to a prompt. In this study, 49 first grade students receivedRead MoreHealth And Social Care Research1505 Words   |  7 Pagestends to accept the methods of social science research because the projects often involve investigating people’s feelings, observations and attitudes, which do not lend themselves to investigation by scientific methodology. Quantitative research Scientific method involves quantitative information. For example measuring changes in the body and analysing blood or urine samples. Body mass index is used to measure height and weight to distinguish whether an individual is a healthy weight. QuantitativeRead MoreData Collection Strategy1253 Words   |  6 Pagesfollow-up information. Disadvantages include impractical when large samples are involved time consuming and expensive.(Leedy and Ormrod, 2001) Telephone interviews are less time consuming and less expensive and the researcher has ready access to anyone on the planet who hasa telephone.Disadvantages are that the response rate is not as high as the face-to- face interview but cosiderably higher than the mailed questionnaire.The sample may be biased to the extent that people without phones are part ofRead MoreEducation Through The Attainment Of Literacy1650 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitution through the attainment of literacy. The attempt to educate African-American during the time of slavery gained support from various religious groups; however, Caucasian viewed literacy for African-American as a method for instilling subservience and maintaining social, political and economic control. In contrast, African-American viewed literacy as a component of emancipation and participation in societal institutions on an equal basis. Many African-American activists have thought forRead MoreTitle II Request For Funding1322 Words   |  6 Pagescreating. Describe the program/initiative. Aligning Research with Literacy Initiatives While Advocating for the Role of Media Coordinator According to CMS Superintendent Ann Clark regarding literacy as our North Star, it â€Å"is the most important skill we teach. Literacy is the foundation for academic success from pre-kindergarten through high school.† Literacy is key to achieving academic success and the responsibility of literacy encompasses every educator and discipline. Many media coordinatorsRead MoreLiteracy Is The Most Important Skill We Teach1286 Words   |  6 PagesSuperintendent Ann Clark regarding literacy as our North Star, it â€Å"is the most important skill we teach. Literacy is the foundation for academic success from pre-kindergarten through high school.† Literacy is key to achieving academic success and the responsibility of literacy encompasses every educator and discipline. Many media coordinators have been trained in Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and district adopted reading initiatives, such as Balanced Literacy and Reading Apprenticeship. HoweverRead MoreOutline of Literatu re Review and Analysis of a Quantitative Research Report2197 Words   |  9 Pagesresearch study. Each of the three studies must have been published in a peer-reviewed journal. Analysis of a Qualitative Research Report: Problem statement: 1.) What is the problem the study was conducted to address? Many schools have not adopted new electronic-era media literacies into their core curricula, but understanding these new, evolving literacies is critical to understanding how students learn today, especially with regard to low-income students, for several reasons (Turner, 2011Read MoreReading Work : In The New Workplace Centers Around Five Adult Educators1584 Words   |  7 PagesWork: Literacies in the New Workplace centers around five adult educators and scholars who challenge the meaning of literacy in workplace environments by identifying subtleties beyond reading and writing. Belfiore, Defoe, Folinsbee, Hunter, and Jackson (2004) utilize â€Å"various strands of literacy theory and research associated with social practice, sociocultural or ‘the new literacy studies’ approaches to defining literacies† (pg. 4) to define this research. Throughout the book, literacies are compared

Analysis Of Robert Frost s Poem Stopping By Woods On A...

In Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† the speaker is traveling at night through the snow and pauses with his horse near the woods by a neighbor’s house to admire the snow falling in the woods. His little horse shakes his â€Å"harness bells†, questioning his sudden respite; perhaps indicating that this isn’t the destination of their journey. Throughout the poem, the speaker seems to be wrestling between obligations and desire. For example, he continues to stand near the woods attracted by the â€Å"Lovely, deep and dark† (lines 13-14) surroundings. He feels a deep longing to move further into the mysterious snowy woods. He can’t, however, lose himself in these woods because he has obligations to fulfil. So essentially, Frost is trying to convey the message that one should not lose himself in his desires that he overlooks his responsibilities. Significantly, a poetic element that Frost includes in his writing is personification. In the third stanza, Frost gives human characteristics to the horse. In this Stanza, the horse is a representative of the speaker’s mind. It urges him go on and thus inquires if stopping by the snowy woods is some mistake and then it even seems to remind the author of his duties by shaking its â€Å"harness bells.† As stated, â€Å"He gives his harness bells a shake/ To ask if there is some mistake† (Frost 9-10). Frost mentions â€Å"My little horse must think it queer/ To stop without a farmhouse near† (line 5-6). Frost uses personification toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Robert Frosts Life and Accomplishments1244 Words   |  5 Pageslifetime of ups and downs, Robert Frost said this quote. Most of his poems already shared his message, that life is not as easy as it may first appear to be. He used the simplicity of nature and vernacular speech to give his poems a casual mood, though underneath they display a much deeper meaning of life. These poems help to show people just some of the difficult things that will be faced in life, despite everything done to prevent them from happening. In particular, his poems â€Å"Nothing Gold Can StayRead MoreStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening1900 Words   |  8 PagesPoems are defined as being a piece of writing in which words are chosen for their beauty and sound, and are carefully arranged. Through a poem, special intensity is given to the expres sion of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm. Poems that are considered as a form of literature are referred to as poetry. Different types of poems can have a range of effects on certain people. They use devices such as emotive words and symbolism to establish this connection. Through this,Read More Analysis of Robert Frost’s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening692 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Robert Frost’s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The poem, â€Å"Stopping by Woods†¦Ã¢â‚¬  speaks of a time that the author paused during a trip to simply enjoy the quiet and beauty of nature. During this short stop, he contemplates mortality and his life so far. Frost also cleverly uses the poems form and sounds to enhance the poem, to entice the readers senses, and immerse them in the scene. With repetitive â€Å"s† and â€Å"h† sounds throughout the poem one can imagineRead MoreAnalysis of Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening851 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Stopping by woods on a snowy evening Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening is a very well know poem by Robert Frost. The poem appears to be very simple, but it has a hidden meaning to it. The simple words and rhyme scheme of the poem gives it an easy flow, which adds to the calmness of the poem. The rhyme scheme (aaba, bbcb, ccdc, dddd) and the rhythm (iambic tetrameter) give the poem a solid structure. The poem is about the speaker s experience of stopping by the dark woods inRead MoreAmbiguity in Robert Frosts Works2796 Words   |  12 PagesUndertones in Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† Robert Frost and his poetry were adored by the American public, as both were often thought to embody deeply cherished American values such as freedom, independence, nobility and rising to the occasion. The narrator of Frost’s works are often presumed to be Frost himself, as his public audience idolized him for standing for these American values – values which seemed to be the main meaning of his poems. A predispositionRead MoreIdentity vs Society1047 Words   |  5 PagesGod shows how weak and persuasive an entire community can be, even as an individual. According to Davon Ferrara’s personal analysis based on â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† called â€Å"The Dual Nature of Man,† â€Å"Brown’s Journey into the woods is a journey of individuation, as much as he must come to terms with the dark desires of his identification.† Davon Ferrara also mentions in her analysis called â€Å"The Dual Nature of Man† that: The human psyche, however, cannot be just one or the other. The ego mustRead Morecritical appreciation1066 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Critical appreciation of a poem is defined as the critical reading of a poem. The meaning of its words, its rhyme, scheme, the speaker, figures of speech, the references to other works (intertextuality), the style of language, the general writing style of the poet ( if mentioned), the genre, the context, the tone of the speaker and such other elements make up the critical reading or appreciation. It does not mean criticising the poem. A critical appreciation helps in a better understanding of theRead MoreYolo1583 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant human experiences infused in the selections. Time Allotment Week 1-2 Topics Introduction to Literature Teaching Strategies/ Activities Reading / Discussion Assessment Tools/ Tasks Worksheet - mind mapping Group work Quiz Seatwork Written poem 3,6 Week 3 -4 World Lit. -differences between Eastern Western Lit. -Haiku of Basho vis-à  -vis Flower On ACrannied Wall by Alfred Lord Tennyson Discussion/ Lecture Reader- Response work 2 Interpret the meaning of the Japanese haiku. DescribeRead MoreRobert Frost : A New England Poet3698 Words   |  15 PagesRobert Lee Frost Known for being a New England poet Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26th, 1874. Born to a New England father William Prescott Frost Jr. and a Scottish mother Isabelle Moodie who moved to the west coast from Pennsylvania after marriage (Bailey). Both his parents were teachers and poets themselves, but his father later became a journalist with the San Francisco Evening Bulletin (Bailey). Frost spent 12 years of his life growing up in San Francisco, untilRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 PagesChristian utopia Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · sermons, diaries personal narratives captivity narratives jeremiads written in plain style Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · instructive reinforces authority of the Bible and church Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · a person s fate is determined by God all people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ Rationalism / Age of Enlightenment period of American Literature - 1750-1800 Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · national mission and American character democratic utopia use of reason

International Entrepreneurship Individual

Question: Discuss about theInternational Entrepreneurship Individual. Answer: Introduction Global development leads to a phase where entrepreneurship plays a very important role. The knowledge driven goods and services have developed the creative idea requirement that arise the need to innovation which leads to emergence of entrepreneurship. In this context, this report identified some forces that drive someone to be an entrepreneur, selects one entrepreneur from India and analyses his personality and entrepreneurial style. Further, learning from this module and selected entrepreneur is discussed. Driving Force to be an Entrepreneur Rather than Professional in Emerging Markets The emerging countries most notably BRICs Brazil, Russia, India, and China are showing an economic growth. This leads to development of the culture of entrepreneurship rather than being professional. The emergence of knowledge and resources paves the way of entrepreneur and drives an inner urge to become entrepreneur rather than being employed and doing a job (Singhal, 2013). Human resources are available at a cheaper rate with government support builds the entrepreneur with their innovative ideas. Profile of an Entrepreneur Ritesh Agarwal is a young entrepreneur and founder of OYO rooms. OYO room is a company which offers budget hotel rooms for the travellers. OYO rooms have been awarded several times and got various recognitions. Ritesh Agarwal is a person with brilliant mindset. In July 2015, and again in April 2016 OYO rooms raised $100 million from Soft Bank. Its overall valuation is more than $225 million, making it one of the top 5 start ups in India. Personality Attributes that Lead Towards Entrepreneurship Changer Ritesh Agrawal brought a change in lives of people with his innovative idea and thought. A successful entrepreneur is one who works for society selflessly and brings a change in society with his innovative idea and thought process. The innovation of entrepreneur raises the living of standard of people and fulfills their need. To bring a change in society Ritesh Agarwal comes up with an idea of OYO rooms in which basic requirement of customers will be fulfilled like proper signage, Wi-Fi, clean washrooms, easy payment facilities. Challenge Facer Entrepreneurs used to face hurdles in the path of success, as they chose the way which is full of difficulties in regarding to innovation. Successful entrepreneurs face various challenges in the way of success, but they do not give up. This is the entrepreneurial quality of Ritesh Agarwal. He faced various challenges at the initial stage but never gave an idea to go home back. He was convicted towards his idea and makes other venture capitalist and financial institutions to believe on his idea and provide funding. Focused Entrepreneur always moves towards the big picture and never uses to waste his time on small issues and problems. Ritesh Agarwal possesses this entrepreneurship quality which helped him a lot to solve problems which are coming on the way to success. He always remained focus towards the achievement of goals which he has decided and never worried about small problems which were coming on the way to success (Bosma et al., 2012). He focuses mainly on expansion of supply chain, deliver great customer experiences and involvement of large investments. Try out new things One of the entrepreneurial qualities is to try out the new things and should not scared of failure. Only by trying out new things an entrepreneur can get succeeded. This quality of trying out new things was possessed by Ritesh Agarwal, CEO of OYO rooms. In this way he started the OYO rooms at the time when Oravel does not succeeded. He comes up with the new idea of OYO rooms. Coping up with Criticism The another entrepreneurial quality is to cope up criticism with positive outlook as every successful entrepreneur knows that criticism will lead to better way in long run. Ritesh Agarwal as an entrepreneur believes that criticisms are necessary for raising the urge to become success (Mishra, 2015). Ritesh Agarwal believes that constructive criticism is very valuable. He also stated that success is directly related to proportion of criticism. Passionate Ritesh Agarwal is passionate towards his dream which led him towards success. Passion is something one can work on over and over without getting bored. It leads to sleepless nights. Passion is something a person enjoy whole his life without getting bored. This passion of Ritesh Agarwal leads the venture capitalist or financial institution to provide funding. Learning Outcomes from Entrepreneurship The first and foremost thing learned is how to embrace failure. Entrepreneurs willingly accept their failures and make failure as a leading opportunity to move forward in their business plan. Overnight success is not possible in long term. Successful entrepreneurs came from failures in life. Successful entrepreneurs work with due diligence. Entrepreneurs used to sale their ship in difficult times with more efforts (Bridge and O'Neill, 2012). Entrepreneurs come up with a vision and continue till the time vision is not achieved and put their all efforts. One should learn how to face failure from entrepreneurs and get succeed after that failure. The second thing to learn from entrepreneurs is delegation. Entrepreneurs cannot run a successful company alone. It is quite essential to delegate the responsibilities to others in order to attain vision statement. Entrepreneurs used to motivate other people by delegating the power. Delegation is considered as a skill itself. One should learn how to delegate powers from entrepreneurs and importance of delegation as a single person cannot run the whole business. The third thing to learn from entrepreneur is Investment in people. Entrepreneurs always know the importance of mentorship and networking. Entrepreneurs used to invest their time and funds in development of people. Entrepreneurs know the benefit of imparting knowledge which is going to help them whole life. The time and effort which is spending on developing skills will go to pay off. One should learn how to invest in people from entrepreneur as being selfish; no business can be carried out. The fourth thing to learn is having a finishing formula. Entrepreneurs always know how to finish what they have started. They know the series of steps required to attain objectives. There are lot of distraction which come up in the way of attainment of objectives but they make a proper plan for accomplishment of objectives (Burns, 2010). Entrepreneurs know how to manage the work load and how to set priority. One should learn from entrepreneurs how to juggle between work and having a finishing formula. The fifth thing to learn from entrepreneur is always a desire to learn. Learning does not end in school or in college Entrepreneurs possess a wide range of skills which needs to be polished. With the technological change innovations are taking place at a rapid speed so the entrepreneur required polishing his skills. One should learn that learning of new things is very important in whole life. Entrepreneurs always believe in their strength and abilities and one should also believe in his or her inner capabilities. Conclusion and Impact An entrepreneur is a person who is driven by their work and likes to take risks. Individual characteristics like being challenger play an important role in success of an entrepreneur. From this study it is analyses that to get success in life one should always move forward towards the attainment of objectives without fear of losing. All efforts should be made in order to get success. One should be passionate, hard working, focused. I being a student understand that for getting success in life one has to really work hard. By inculcating the characteristics of successful entrepreneur I will carry out my entire project works with greater commitment and with hard work so that I can able to achieve success in my life. References Bosma, N., Hessels, J., Schutjens, V., Van Praag, M., Verheul, I. (2012). Entrepreneurship and role models.Journal of Economic Psychology,33(2), 410-424. Bridge, S. and O'Neill, K. (2012).Understanding enterprise: entrepreneurship and small business. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Burns, P. (2010).Entrepreneurship and Small Business: Start-up. Growth and Maturity. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Carraher, S. M., Paridon, T. J. (2015). Entrepreneurship journal rankings across the discipline.Journal of Small Business Strategy,19(2), 89-98. Mishra, A. (2015). Will the real Ritesh Agarwal please stand up? Retrieved from: https://www.livemint.com/Companies/7CN7u5d4i3bfYgBAZLdLpM/Will-the-real-Ritesh-Agarwal-please-stand-up.html Singhal, S. (2013). Life of Ritesh Agarwal of Oravel life just got exciting with a Thiel membership. Retrieved from: https://yourstory.com/2013/07/life-of-ritesh-agarwal-of-oravel-life-just-got-exciting-with-a-theil-membership/

International Organizations NATO and the UN in Iraq

Introduction The international system is the interaction between units whereby various variables at the systemic level come together to influence the external behavior of a state. In this case, foreign policies are determined by the activities at the international level. In other words, the effectiveness of foreign policy depends on the interpretation of international system, states do not formulate policies based on their available resources or manpower but instead rely on the activities taking place at the international system.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Organizations: NATO and the UN in Iraq specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Harold Sprout and Margaret Sprout came up with ecological triad to explain foreign policy formulation techniques. In this case, the environmental factors are to be considered in coming up with a policy that would determine the relationship between a particular state and a nother. The ecological triad captures the interaction between policy maker and the international system. The triad is composed of the actor-state, environment that surrounds the actor and the actor-environment relationship. In foreign policy, the actor is surrounded by the international system. The policy maker must behave within the complex environment that is, the international system. The environment is usually complex because there are various units such as religions, civilizations, economics and international organizations (Held 158). The environment can constrain the foreign policy maker, can provide opportunities for a certain behavior and can affect the willingness of decision makers to take advantage of those opportunities. The environment controls decision makers because it controls all limits that actors should do or not do. These entities are actually states and international organizations. The states are only controlled by the international system. In this paper, the in volvement of the international organizations that is, the NATO and the UN in Iraq is discussed. In the real sense, realists would argue that the organizations represent the interests and wishes of the developed states such as the US, France, Britain and Russia. On the other hand, the liberalists would argue that the international bodies exist to further the interests of the people of Iraq. Involvement of the International Actors NATO established itself in Iraq in 2004when the alliance was charged with the responsibility of assisting the people of Iraq to form an effective military that would counter the influence and the power of the Al-Qaida. Furthermore, the NATO alliance was supposed to offer training services to the Iraqi military in order to be counted as an international body that would operate in accordance to the international standards. On 31 December 2011, the alliance was requested to leave the country since it was perceived that its mission had been accomplished. Other a ctors in the international system complained about the existence of NATO since it did not have any legal mandate to operate in the country. The NATO training mission was established after the UN Security Council resolution.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was after the interim government of Iraq requested the UN to use the NATO to train its soldiers. It should be understood that the formation of the NATO –Iraq was not aimed at suppressing the insurgents, as though by many people. Its main role was to offer technical and military support to Iraqi combatants. In other words, its major role was based on training, offering modern equipments, advising and offering military aid to the forces of Iraq. The NATO alliance would also guide the Iraqi into becoming an international military force that would offer quality services to the people of Iraq. Since its formation in Iraq, the alliance was effective since it managed to offer training services to 5000 Iraqi soldiers from 2004 to 2011. Apart from training the military personnel, it also trained over ten thousand police and other security staff in the country. The member states of NATO provided various training courses to the Iraqi military. It is argued that all the 28 members of NATO offered over two thousand courses. The courses were costly by the members of NATO went ahead to offer them to the people of Iraq. Apart from training services, it is true that the Iraqi military received over 115 million Euros in form of military aid through equipments and over 17.7 million Euros in form of trust fund donations. The activities of NATO can be interpreted differently, depending on the scholar’s viewpoint and orientation. According to liberal scholars and policy makers, the main aim of NATO was to facilitate a democratic process in the country. The security sector would be modernized since th e knowledge possessed by the military generals could not allow leaders to exercise personal and autocratic forms of leaderships. In this regard, the Iraqi government had to establish a working relationship with the NATO forces to achieve the above objective. According to liberalists, there are usually many actors in the international system. In this sense, the international system is a community of both states and human beings. Therefore, the foreign policies of Iraq had to recognize the existence of all actors, including NATO and the UN. Liberalists would argue that actions of units in the international system must be based on morality and actors must observe international codes and morals. It was upon the realization that the Iraqi military was not observant to the international codes that the NATO set its foot to salvage the situation. The military in Iraq was accused of being partisan since it only favored one side that is, the government. Saddam Hussein used the military to unl eash terror to the citizens and eliminate any form of political and cultural opposition. In this case, the international actors were not happy at all. When the environment gave chance, it was the good time for NATO to act. Through this argument, universal interests are usually valued in the international system. It was the interest of each actor for peace and tranquility to be achieved in Iraq. NATO forces were therefore formed to bring this peace. As Hoffman could argue, states have a duty beyond their borders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Organizations: NATO and the UN in Iraq specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A state should always be concerned about the affairs that take place another state. It is the responsibility of the developed nations to ensure that human rights are to be respected and upheld at a higher esteem worldwide. The United Nations Security Council endorsed the formation of NATO –Iraq since the lives and the militia groups led by Osama Bin Laden and Saddam Hussein did not respect THE rights of citizens. NATO forces would therefore restore normalcy and constancy in the trouble state. The US, France, Britain and Russia had to act beyond their borders since they respect the sanctity of life. Therefore, they had to facilitate training services and other forms of military aid such as provision of equipments and techniques. According to liberalism, the end does not justify the means because the means should be just and humane. In Iraq, the Hussein administration applied all forms of techniques to achieve state interests. The state interests included domination of the region and cutting links with the west (Gerd 45). This could be obtained by forming a military like administration whereby the rights of people are not respected. This was contrary to the interests and the will of the west, which would always emphasize on consultation and cooperation at the g lobal level. The west would always argue that problems at the global level need global decisions. Iraq under Sadam Hussein could not think of any possibility of working with the west to end global problems such as terrorism, global economic crisis brought about by fluctuating oil prices and the issues related to the environment. Therefore, the NATO, after being endorsed by the UN, had to intervene to save the humanity. In case actions are to be taken in the international system, states should consult extensively in order to arrive at a win-win satiation. However, the Iraqi administration under Sadam Hussein wanted a play a zero-sum game where the west and the rest of the world would lose terrible. This was something that angered the west and the rest of the world. According to liberalists, the policy makers should always be prescriptive meaning that they have to reflect on the outcomes of the policies. The Sadam regime supported terrorism even though the outcomes of the policy were detrimental to the people of Iraq and the rest of the world. Iraq never appreciate the role of the international regimes such as the international law since impunity was encouraged at all quarters. The west appreciated the fact that world security could be achieved through cooperation. Therefore, activities such as nuclear disarmament and arms proliferation had to be curtailed at all costs, something that Iraq opposed always. There was no option but to facilitate military overhaul in Iraq.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would be best performed by the NATO alliance. Iraqi leaders believed principles in the state were based on powers but not the norms but not the norms. In this case, actions could be based on unilateralism whereby the state decides to act without consulting anybody, not even the public, which should have the ultimate powers. Some of the policy makers are always inspired by the realism, which is a very strong theory in the study of foreign relations. According to these policy makers and observers, the involvement of the NATO and the UN in the affairs of Iraq could be interpreted differently. To this scholars, the unity of analysis in the international system is the state whereby the state is usually guided by its national interests. The international system in this case exists according to the Hobbestain state of nature. In other words, the international system dictates what should be done. The NATO and the UN took advantage of the current nature of the system to invade Iraq and impose policies. For instance, the developed nations took advantage of the confusion in Iraq to change the military ideology. This would only benefit them since the military would be sympathetic and appreciative to the activities of the west in the world. Consequently, the US and the west benefited a lot since Iraq had to pay in form of oil. Indeed, the US benefited so much since a lot of oil was transported from Iraq to the US. In case states intervene in a foreign state, the interest is usually to obtain something. This is true to some extent because the US has never bothered to marshal the NATO forces to intervene in Somalia, even after the claims that the Alshabbab insurgent group is associated with the world’s most feared terrorism group, the Al-Qaeda. The US intervened in Iraq and Afghanistan because of the availability of the natural resources. This means that the US was only interested in natural resources but not bringing back sanity. Concerning the existence of NATO and the UN, they only exist as long as the powerful states would permit. The international organizations do not serve the interests of the poor states. For instance, the US invaded Iraq even after the UN had advised against the invasion. This means that the US was only concerned about its national interests, which was security. After the 9/11 attack, the US resolved to come up with long terms policies that would ensure that its citizens coexist in peace worldwide. Due to this, the hotspots in the world were focused, which led to the sponsoring of military training in the Middle East. Therefore, the NATO and the UN involvement in Iraq were not in the interest of the people of Iraq but for the interest of the American people. Currently, the peace witnessed in Iraq is conducive for American investors since they can operate without the fear of losing their stocks. It is very rare for the US to fund projects that do not benefit its population. For instance, the US cannot help in disarmi ng an enemy, which does not pose any security threat to its citizens. For a long time, the US has focused on destabilizing the Middle East because if given chance, the Middle East states can pose a serious challenge to the existence of the US and other developed nations from the west, mainly because of oil. The US allowed the formation of NATO-Iraqi alliance only to strengthen its presence and power in the Middle East, but not to better the living standards of the Iraqis. This shows that military alliance between the NATO and Iraq was out of fear and suspicion that characterizes the international system. In the international system, life is brutal, short-lived and nasty whereby states engage in a zero-sum game always. States value their sovereignty so much to an extent of neglecting ethics (Koehn and Rosenau 107). UN Failures On the flipside, the body has had a number of failures in its quest to uphold world peace and security. The UN was unable to bring order into Somalia through U NOSOM (United Nations Mission to Somalia), consequently leading to its withdrawal in 1995. This was also the case in1994 during the Rwandan genocide whereby the United Nations Mission Rwanda (UNAMIR) was unable to stop the genocide due to lack of men and weapons. In Bosnia Herzegovina, the UNPROFORC (United Nations Protection Force) was unable to stop the massacre of Serbians. Perhaps one of the most notable incidents on the inability of the UN to promote peace and security in the world was the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the coalition of the willing led by the USA. This went against a UN resolution 1441 of 8 November 2002. The resolution called for new inspections to ascertain whether Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. The US on its part ignored this resolution and instead invaded Iraq on 19 March 2003. Peace and security remains a major challenge to global governance. In many instances, the UN has been indecisive or unable to act to promote peace and security. This has led to a si tuation where matters on peace and security are championed by a handful of nations under the guise of collective security. In most cases, these countries will be pursuing their own interests. This has consequently led to issues such as terrorism arising. Terrorism has come about because of radicalism by Islamic fundamentalist who feel that the US led war on terror targets Islam as a whole. This in effect has led to violence and the loss of many lives as Islamist fundamentalists under the auspices of the global terror network Al Qaeda and other terror groups wage war on the US on various fronts. The September 11 bombing of the World Trade Center in the US was a hallmark of terrorist operations. This in turn led to the US invading Afghanistan with the aim of smoking out Osama bin Laden, the suspected mastermind of the bombings. This war on terror has also been played out in the Middle East pitting Israel, an American ally, against various Palestinian groups such as Hamas (Porter 185). In general, the UN and NATO have not been able to function independently since they only serve the interests of the powerful states. The UN for instance has been accused on several occasions for siding with the superpower. Works Cited Gerd, Nonneman. EU-GCC Relations: Dynamics, Patterns Perspectives, London: Routledge, 2005. Print. Held, David. â€Å"Reframing Global Gorvernance:Apocalypse Soon or Reform!† New Political Economy 11. 2 (2006): 158-176. Print. Koehn, Peter and James Rosenau. â€Å"Transanational Competence in an Emergent Epoch.† International Studies Perpectives 3.2 (2002): 105-127. Print. Porter, Tony. â€Å"Why International Institutions Matter in the Global Credit Crisis†. Global Governance 15.2 (2009): 185-203. Print. This essay on International Organizations: NATO and the UN in Iraq was written and submitted by user Giana Logan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.